中国科技史杂志

二十四节气和二十八宿是中国古代天文历法中的重要内容。彝族天文历法中也有二十四节气和二十八宿。对其分析发现，彝族二十八宿取昴宿为首宿，二十四节气之冬至所对应的星宿为“虚”宿，而不是汉代历法中的“斗”宿，说明彝族天文历法包含了比汉代天文历法更古老的天文学传统，可以追溯到传说中的尧帝时代。同时，彝族二十八宿中与物候有关的两宿“折出”和“折波”,正好对应汉代时“白露”和“寒露”两节气太阳所在宿，说明彝族二十八宿也受到了汉代二十四节气体系的影响。而彝族二十四节气与二十八宿的对应方式与《秦简日书》中的“建除”类似，表明彝族历法在二十四节气与二十八宿的运用上，更多是为了占星和择日的目的，受到了秦汉时期择日书的影响。

The twenty-four solar terms and the twenty-eight lunar mansions are important parts of the ancient Chinese astronomical calendars. The Yi people's astronomy also incorporates these elements. By analyzing them, it is found that the Yi people take the Pleiades as the first of the 28 lunar mansions, and take xu, rather dou, as corresponding to the winter solstice of the 24 solar terms, which indicates that the Yi people's astronomical calendar contains an astronomical tradition that is older than the astronomical calendar of the Han Dynasty, and can be traced back to the legendary era of Emperor Yao. At the same time, two of the Yi people's 28 lunar mansions, zhe chu and zhe bo,at the Han time corresponded precisely to the Sun's positions among the lunar mansions for the solar terms “White Dew” and “Cold Dew” from the Han period, indicating Han influence on the Yi's lunar mansions. In the way the twenty-four solar terms and the twenty-eight lunar mansions of the Yi people are correlated, we see similarities to the Jianchu in the Qin jian ri shu, which was astrology for choosing auspicious days from the Qin and Han times. This indicates that, for the Yi people, the 24 solar terms and the 28 lunar mansions served mainly the purpose of astrology and selecting auspicious days, influenced by the Han astronomy.