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(1)“关于力学和位置运动这两门新科学的对话和数学证明”这一书名显示,这两门“新科学”是沿着亚里士多德《物理学》的方向开启的,正因为此,伽利略不断发现亚里士多德《物理学》中的错误。

(2)科学哲学家常以“凡天鹅皆白”为例描述“朴素的归纳法”,科学史家常说培根的归纳法注定是“只开花、不结果”的方法。其实,归纳法从来就不朴素。即使是在培根那里,归纳的进程也是不断实验、不断展开溯因推理、不断否定和排除错误推理并最终找出合理解释的进程。