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李约瑟问题是在科学-文明史和比较史学的研究框架下提出的,研究进程表明,在此框架下研究者不可能就李约瑟问题的答案达成共识。对李约瑟问题及相关研究展开史学理论的分析和反思,提示泛李约瑟问题在全球科技史意义上是一个真问题。从全球史的角度看,科学,作为高度体系化了的和一元的知识系统,无论是古代的还是现代的,均产生于多元文明的历史互动进程之中,建基于人类思想的汇聚与整合之上,且受到人类价值的引导和制约;科学的产生并非单一文明框架内所能发生和讲述的故事。
Abstract：The Needham question, also known as the Needham puzzle, was put forward within the framework of the history of science and civilization and comparative history, and the relevant research process has shown that it is impossible for researchers to reach a consensus on the answer to it within this framework. By analyzing and reflecting on the Needham question and related studies, the authors suggest that the pan-Needham question can be a real one in the history of global science and technology. From the perspective of global history, science, as a highly systematic and unitary knowledge system, whether ancient or modern, was produced in the process of historical interactions of multiple civilizations, based on the convergence and integration of human thoughts, and guided and restricted by human values. The emergence of science is not a story that can happen and be told within the framework of a single civilization.
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(1)“关于力学和位置运动这两门新科学的对话和数学证明”这一书名显示,这两门“新科学”是沿着亚里士多德《物理学》的方向开启的,正因为此,伽利略不断发现亚里士多德《物理学》中的错误。
(2)科学哲学家常以“凡天鹅皆白”为例描述“朴素的归纳法”,科学史家常说培根的归纳法注定是“只开花、不结果”的方法。其实,归纳法从来就不朴素。即使是在培根那里,归纳的进程也是不断实验、不断展开溯因推理、不断否定和排除错误推理并最终找出合理解释的进程。
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DOI：
中图分类号:N09
引用信息:
[1]袁江洋,苏湛.全球史视角下解析泛李约瑟问题[J].中国科技史杂志,2020,41(03):306-327.
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